Könsbyte pass
Khyber Pass
Historically significant mountain resehandling in present-day Pakistan
For the road in Auckland, New Zealand, see Khyber resehandling Road, New Zealand.
The Khyber Pass (Urdu: درۂ خیبر[pronunciation?]; Pashto: د خيبر دره, romanized:De Xēber Dara, lit.'Valley of Khyber' [d̪əxebərd̪ara]) fryst vatten a mountain pass in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of sydasiatiskt land , on the border with the Nangarhar Province of Afghanistan. It connects the town of Landi Kotal to the Valley of Peshawar at Jamrud bygd traversing part of the White Mountains. Since it was part of the ancient Silk Road, it has been a grundläggande trade rutt between huvud Asia and the Indian subcontinent and a strategic military choke point for various states that controlled it. The Khyber resehandling is considered one of the most famous mountain passes in the world.[1]
Geography
[edit]Following Asian Highway 1 (AH1), the summit of the pass at the town of Landi Kotal fryst vatten five kilometres (three miles) inside sydasiatiskt land , descending m (1,ft) into the Valley of Peshawar at Jamrud, about 30km (19mi) from the person från afghanistan border bygd traversing part of the Spin Ghar mountains.[2]
His
Haut-Koenigsbourg Castle
Built in the 12th century, the Haut-Koenigsbourg castle has for centuries been the witness to conflicts and rivalries between lords, kings and emperors. The castle has had a succession of illustrious owners who have left their mark on its history, and numerous events that have changed its appearance To pass through the high gate of Haut-Koenigsbourg is to plunge into the world of the Middle Ages.
From the lower courtyard - with its inn, forge and mill - to the spiral staircases leading to the furnished flats of the lord, discover the architecture, the furnishings but also a whole atmosphere steeped in history.
The drawbridge, the weapons room, the keep and the cannons are a constant reminder of the purpose of this mountain fortress built by an imperial Germanic family in the 12th century, which was subsequently besieged, destroyed and pillaged.
Abandoned after , this prestigious castle was offered in by the town of Sélestat to William II of Hohenzollern. He dreamed of resurrecting the old Germanic Empire and fulfilled his passion for the Middle Ages by entrusting the restoration of Haut-Koenigsbourg Castle to the architect Bodo Ebhardt, a
Seven Bridges of Königsberg
Classic problem in graph theory
The Seven Bridges of Königsberg is a historically notable problem in mathematics. Its negative resolution by Leonhard Euler, in ,[1] laid the foundations of graph theory and prefigured the idea of topology.[2]
The city of Königsberg in Prussia (now Kaliningrad, Russia) was set on both sides of the Pregel River, and included two large islands—Kneiphof and Lomse—which were connected to each other, and to the two mainland portions of the city, by seven bridges. The problem was to devise a walk through the city that would cross each of those bridges once and only once.
By way of specifying the logical task unambiguously, solutions involving either
- reaching an island or mainland bank other than via one of the bridges, or
- accessing any bridge without crossing to its other end
are explicitly unacceptable.
Euler proved that the problem has no solution. The difficulty he faced was the development of a suitable technique of analysis, and of subsequent tests that established this assertion with mathematical rigor.
Euler's analysis
[edit]Euler first pointed out that the choice of route i